birth of babar
Babar was born on 14 February 1483 in Fnukad, Fergana Valley, Uzbekistan. Babur’s father’s name was Omar Sheikh Mirza, himself a ruler of the Fargana Valley, and mother’s name was Qutlugh Nigar Khanum.
Babar’s early life
The Mughal community is considered very important in the history of India. Babar, who laid the foundation of this Mughal sect, ruled India for about 300 years. Babar took over the entire work of his father after his death. When Babar took over the job after his father’s death, Babar was only 12 years old. Babar was considered very ambitious since childhood.
Babar had conquered the Fargan region of Turkistan and became the king of that state. Babar concentrated only on one thing, that was his goal. Babar himself belongs to the family of Changez. According to Babar, Genghis Khan was a descendant of his mother’s side.
Babar had the blood of two great rulers in his blood, due to which he became a great ruler. It is believed that Babar was a great warrior. Babar had entered the land from his young age and had seen many wars, victories and defeats and many treaties in his life.
Babar’s personality was full of qualities like Shahsik, attractive, cultural ups and downs, economic talent and military talent. Babur was a talented Turkish poet. He loved nature very much, that is why he built many gardens during his reign.
Babur was considered the national hero of Uzbekistan. The poems written by Babur became popular Uzbek folklore in Uzbekistan. In October 2005, Pakistan also developed the Babul cruise missile in his name in his honour.
Babar’s arrival in India
Before establishing his empire in India, Babur wanted to establish his empire in Central Asia. But he did not get any special success there, so he moved towards India and established his empire there.
When Babar came to India for the first time, the politics of India was completely favorable to him. When Babar came to India, the Sultan of Delhi was losing battles, then Babar liked this opportunity and started establishing his empire in India. At that time Delhi and parts of Northern India were ruled by Rajputs and the areas around that region were independent.
When Babar came to India, the Sultan of Delhi was Ibrahim Lodi, who was unable to rule. Angered by this, Alam Khan invited Babar to India and called him to India. Babar liked this invitation very much and he again moved towards India. After coming to India, Babar established his empire in Delhi.
Babar’s physical life
Babar was very conscious about physical security. Babar loved doing yoga. It is said about Babar that he used to run with two people sitting on both his shoulders. Not only this, Babar swam across the river Ganga twice.
Babar’s married life
If we read the history of India, Babar had a total of 11 wives. Babar had a total of 20 children from his 11 wives. Women like Ayesha Sultan Begum, Zainab Sultan Begum, Mausam Sultan Begum, Maham Begum, Gulrukh Begum, Dildar Begum, Mubaraka Yurufzai and Gulnar Aghacha etc. were known as his Begums. Babur succeeded his elder son Humayun, who ruled India after his death.
Babar’s subjects
In Persian language, people of Mongol caste were called Mughal. Babur’s subjects mainly included Persian and Turkish people. Babar’s army mainly included Persian people. Apart from Turks and Central Asian tribes, Babur’s kingdom and his army included people of Pashto and Barlav castes.
Babar’s first attack on India
Babar made his first attack on India in 1519 AD at Bajaur and in this attack, Babar conquered the fort of Bhera. The description of this war and this incident is also found in the source of history Baburnama. According to historical sources, Babar used gunpowder and artillery for the first time in this war.
Babar’s second attack on India
In September 1519, Babar started campaigning again towards India. Babur advanced through the Khebar Pass to subdue the Yusufzai Afghans. After that Babar fortified Peshawar.
Made contact with logistics collection for use in upcoming actions against India. But when he received information about the disturbances from Badakhsha, he returned to Kabul without achieving his goal.
Babar’s third attack on India
During the second attack on India, he returned to Kabul without achieving his goal, after which in 1520 AD, Babar again started the third campaign to attack India. This time Babar recaptured Baijor and Bhera cities. After that he proceeded towards Sialkot, where the people accepted Babar’s subordination without any resistance.
But the people of Samadpur did not like to accept his subordination, after which force was used on them. After this, Babar received information about the disturbance from Kandahar, after which he remained busy in taking action against Shahveg for about 2 years. After that, in 1522, he conquered the fort of Kandahar by deceit.
Babar’s fourth attack
Baba’s fourth attack took place around 1524 AD. At that time the Sultan of Delhi was Ibrahim Lodi. At that time there was a rift between Ibrahim Lodhi and Daulat Khan. Desiring to become the independent ruler of Punjab, he invited Babar to make him his emperor.
Babur accepted the invitation in 15 to 24 AD, after which he formed a powerful army and then advanced towards Lahore. Meanwhile, Ibrahim Lodi sent some of his army to defeat Daulat Khan and achieved victory over him. After that he further occupied Lahore also. After that he moved towards Diwalpur, demolished it and captured it. Further it tried to take over Punjab also.
Babar’s battle of Panipat
The first battle of Panipat took place between Babar and Ibrahim Lodi. This battle of history took place in April 1526 AD between Babar and Sultan of India Ibrahim Lodi, this battle took place in the field of Panipat. Many historians accept that before this war, Babar had investigated about 4 times so that he could win this war.
Along with this war, King of Mewar Rana Sangram Singh also wanted that Babar should fight with Ibrahim Lodi and win this war. Because Ibrahim Lodi was the enemy of Rana Sanga.
King Rana Sanga of Mewar had also invited Babar from Afghanistan to come to India and fight against Ibrahim Lodi. Babar was victorious in the war between these two and with this, Ibrahim Lodi, seeing himself defeated, embraced death.
War strategy strategy
In this battle, for the safety of his army, Babar had placed a row of 700 mobile carts called ‘Arabah’ in front of them, tied together with ropes of wet hide. There was a lot of space left between the vehicles so that the soldiers could easily pass through them and attack.
He had deployed Ustad Ali’s army on the right side and Mustafa Khan’s army on the left side. He used artillery in this war. He had placed a group of advance guards behind the artillery. Behind which was the center point of the army, which was called Gul. Here Babar himself was present for the operation. Babar appointed some Tulguma on the left wing of the army and another Tulguma was appointed some distance away on the right.
After the battle of panipat
The Hindu kings of India thought that Babar would win the battle of Panipat and leave India but this did not happen. After this, Babar thought of laying the foundation of his empire in India and it remained here only.
Battle of khanwa
Rana Sanga, who had once invited Babar to come to India and fight a war with Ibrahim Lodi, after fighting and winning the war with Ibrahim Lodi, Babar remained in India and challenged Rana Sanga for a war by staying here. As a result, the battle of Khanwa took place between the two. Khanwa is currently a small place in Bharatpur, Rajasthan.
This war of history took place between Babar and Rana Sanga on 16 March 1527. Historians believe that Rajputs fought with complete bravery in this war against Babar. Babar had used artillery in this war and made this war a communal war.
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Even in the battle of Khanwa, Babar had kept the same view as in the battle of Panipat. He had placed a bell-less cart tied together with iron chains at the front. Babar had even set up a line of food behind the line of vehicles, the command of which was in the hands of Nizamuddin Khalifa. Babar himself positioned himself in the middle and took over the right wing along with Dilawar Khan and other Indian Nawabs.
Battle of ghaghra
Even after defeating Ibrahim Lodi and Babar, there were no less challenges before Babar. The rulers of Bengal and Bihar wanted to drive Babar out of the country. At this time, Afghan rulers ruled Bengal and Bihar, who wanted to drive Babar from the country.
There was a fierce battle between Babar and Afghan rulers on the same issue in the field of Ghaghra. Babar won this war and after this he started looting the states of India, this had many consequences in the future.
Babar’s wars name year
battle of panipat 1526
Battle of Khanwa 1527
Battle of Chanderi 1528
Battle of Ghaghra 1529
Babar’s cruelty
After the battle of Ghaghra, Babar started looting the country and plundered many states in the country badly. Babar forcibly converted Hindus. Babar was considered a debauched type of lover. In India, Babur established his empire in the states of Punjab, Delhi and Bihar. Many stories of Babar’s history are written in his book Baburnama.
Babar’s architecture
Apart from these two monuments, Babar built many other monuments. Babur especially expanded Persian art in India. Babar was very fond of gardens. That is why he built a garden in Agra using geometrical method, which is known as Nure Afghan. However now it is also called Aaram Bagh. Baba had used a measurement to measure the roads, whose name was ‘Gaz-e-Babri’. This measure continued for many years.
- Babar also developed a style of poetry called Moobiana.
- Babar composed ‘Risal-e-Usaj’, which is also known as ‘Khat-e-Babri’.
- Babar had also compiled a poetry collection named “Diwan” in Turkish language.
- At the site of Ram temple at Ramkot in present Ayodhya city, Babar built a mosque here under the supervision of his chief commander Mir Banki, which became famous by the name of Babri Masjid.
- In 1526, Babar gave a crushing defeat to Ibrahim Lodi in the battle of Panipat. After the victory in this war, Babar had built “Panipat Mosque” as a symbol of Panipat victory.
Babur was given many titles during his reign:
Mirza – This title was given to Babar by Babar’s father.
Qalandar – Babar had distributed a large amount of wealth among the people during his reign, due to which he also got the title of Qalandar.
Ghazi – This title was assumed by Babar after the battle of Khanwa in 1527 AD.
Padshah (Emperor) – After the title of Mirza, Babar Badshah got the title. This title was assumed by Babar after gaining control over Kabul in 1504 AD.
Khakan – Babar called himself ‘Khakan’ in 1526 and he assumed this title of the Mongols.
Apart from this, Babar was also given other titles like Prince of Gardens, Prince of Biographers, Hazrat-Firdaus-Makani and Crown (Prince) of Gardeners.
Death of babar
After the war of Ghaghra ended, Babar was relieved. But happiness was now disappearing from his life. In 1528 AD his health suddenly started deteriorating. He used to consume a lot of opium, cannabis and alcohol, due to which his body had become exhausted.
Meanwhile, Babar’s son Humayun also fell ill. To save his son, he prayed to God to cure Humayun from his disease, in exchange for which God may take his life. After some time, Humayun’s health recovered, due to which Babar became convinced that his end was near. Due to which he declared Humayun as his successor.
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