What is Cold Lava?
Before delving into the details of cold lava, let’s explore why there’s so much buzz about it on social media these days. Recent heavy rainfall in Indonesia has caused havoc. As a result, many areas are experiencing flood-like conditions. In the Sumatra Island of Indonesia, heavy rains and volcanic slopes have led to mudflows. Notably, due to this mudflow and rain, 43 people have lost their lives. Moreover, 22 houses and 16 bridges have been destroyed due to cold lava. The government has initiated rescue operations to save lives.
Understanding Cold Lava
Cold lava, also known as lahar in Indonesia, is a mixture of water, volcanic ash, rock fragments, and ice. It flows like wet concrete. Cold lava mostly flows in river valleys and advances rapidly. It moves at speeds of 75-80 kilometers per hour or even faster on steep slopes.
According to the United States Geological Survey (USGS), cold lava resembles swirling slurry. This lava can crush and bury almost anything in its path, including buildings, bridges, and roads. According to the USGS, it is often associated with volcanic eruptions, but it can occur even without an eruption.
Sometimes heavy rain or snowmelt does the work of transporting volcanic ash from one place to another. During this process, it turns into a slurry. It’s worth mentioning that cold lava is often considered more dangerous than regular lava flows from volcanoes.
The Hazards of Cold Lava
Cold lava poses significant hazards to human settlements, infrastructure, and the environment. Unlike hot lava, which can be seen and avoided during an eruption, cold lava can come unexpectedly, even when there’s no volcanic activity. It can be particularly devastating in densely populated areas, as it moves swiftly and can bury everything in its path.
Impact on Environment and Infrastructure
Cold lava has a devastating impact on the environment and infrastructure. It can destroy forests, alter river courses, and block waterways. Additionally, it can damage bridges, roads, and buildings, leading to significant economic losses.
Mitigation and Preparedness
Preventing the devastation caused by cold lava requires effective mitigation and preparedness measures. Early warning systems, such as monitoring volcanic activity and rainfall, can help communities prepare for potential hazards. Evacuation plans and shelters can also save lives during emergencies.
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